Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ecology. Show all posts
Mammals in Wild
Mammals are some of the most beautiful, amazing animals on our planet Earth. They come in all shapes and sizes – from armadillos to whales! Mammals share very distinct similarities that might surprise you.
Female mammals are the only creatures on our planet that make milk for their young. The milk is produced through the mother’s mammary glands, which are located on the chest and upper groin area. The milk is rich in vitamins and special nutrients crucial to a baby animal’s needs.
Scientists believe that large marine mammals like whales and dolphins have brains much like those of humans. They are able to communicate, follow instructions, and figure things out.
Polar Bears have hair (fur) on the bottom pads of their feet to keep them warm, and to help them grip icy surfaces. The hollow, thick hairs of the polar bear’s waterproof fur coat hold in the body heat and are buoyant, which helps the animal float easier in water. Most mammals have a fur coat with two distinct layers; an undercoat of shorter dense hair and an outer coat of longer stiffer hairs. Mammals are the only animals with hair or fur that protects it agains the elements – heat, cold, wind, rain, bacteria, and even infection.
Mammals belong to the animal class Mammalia. They share specific characteristics that differ from other animals. For one, nearly all mammals are warm-blooded and give birth to live young, rather than laying eggs.
Unlike our cold-blooded reptile friends such as snakes, who require morning sunlight to warm up, mammals are virtually ready to start the day instantly. Their bodies make enough heat to hold a consistently warm temperature.
While most mammals live on land, bats (yes, bats are mammals) have taken to the skies, and various sea cows and whales live in the oceans. Another characteristic found in most mammals is in their specialized teeth. The teeth are replaced just once during an individual’s life, which is known as diphyodonty. The first teeth of a mammal are referred to as milk teeth, much like humans.
Mammals have larger, more well-developed brains than other animals. Most mammals have good memories and are able to learn new things. This means that mammals can learn to survive in new situations and in new places if they need to. This is called adapting.
It is believed that approximately 5,000 species of mammals exist within approximately 25 different classifications or classes. Scientists disagree with these exact numbers and on how some orders relate to others.
What is Safari Park?
A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial tourist attraction where visitors can drive in their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals. The main attractions are frequently large animals from Sub-Saharan Africa such as giraffes, lions, rhinoceros, elephants, zebras, ostriches, and antelope.
A safari park is larger than a zoo and smaller than game reserves. For example, African Lion Safari in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada is 750 acres (3.0 km2). For comparison, Lake Nakuru in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, is 168 square kilometres (65 sq mi), and a typical large game reserve is Tsavo East, also in Kenya, which encompasses 11,747 square kilometres (4,536 sq mi).
Safari parks often have other associated tourist attractions: golf courses, carnival rides, cafes/restaurants, miniature trains, and gift shops.
Some Safari Park in the world :
Europe
Great Britain : Longleat (1966), Windsor (1969–1992), Woburn (1970), Blair Drummond (1970), Knowsley (1971), Lambton (Lion Park, 1972–1980), Bewdley (West Midland Safari Park, 1973)
France : Thoiry (Réserve Africaine, 1968), Peaugres (Safari de Peaugres, 1974), Sigean (Réserve africaine de Sigean, 1974), Saint-Vrain (Parc du Safari de Saint-Vrain, 1975–1998), Obterre (Haute Touche Zoological Park, 1980) owned by the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Port-Saint-Père (Planète Sauvage, 1992)
Netherlands : Hilvarenbeek (Safaripark Beekse Bergen, 1968)
Germany : Gelsenkirchen (Löwenpark, 1968–1989), Tüddern (Löwen-Safari,1968–1990), Stuckenbrock (Hollywood und Safaripark, 1969), Hodenhagen (Serengeti Park, 1974)
Italy : Bussolengo (Parco Natura Viva), 1969), Fasano (Zoosafari, 1973), Pombia (Safari Park, 1976), Murazzano (Parco Safari delle Langhe, 1976), Ravenna (Safari Ravenna, 2012)
Denmark : Givskud (Løveparken, 1969), Knuthenborg (Knuthenborg Safari Park, 1969)
Sweden : KolmÃ¥rden (Safari Park, 1972–2011), SmÃ¥landet (Markaryds Älg & Bison Safari,?)
Austria : Gänserndorf (Safaripark, 1972–2004)
Spain : Cabárceno (Parque de la Naturaleza, 1990)
Portugal : Badoca Safari Park (Badoca Safari Park)
Russia : Kudykina Gora (Кудыкина гора)
Americas
United States
Florida : Loxahatchee (Lion Country Safari, 1967)
California : Escondido (San Diego Zoo Safari Park, formerly San Diego Wild Animal Park, 1972)
Louisiana : Epps (High Delta Safari Park)
Maryland : Largo (The Largo Wildlife Preserve, 1973–1978, now the site of Six Flags America)
Nebraska : Ashland (Lee G. Simmons Conservation Park and Wildlife Safari)
New Jersey: Jackson (Great Adventure, 1974, now the site of Six Flags Great Adventure & Wild Safari)
New Jersey: West Milford ("Warner Brothers Jungle Habitat", 1972-1976)
Texas : Grand Prairie (Lion Country Safari, 1971–1992), San Antonio (Natural Bridge Wildlife Ranch, 1984), Glen Rose (Fossil Rim Wildlife Ranch, 1984)
Oregon : Winston (Wildlife Safari, 1973)
Ohio : Port Clinton (African Safari Wildlife Park, 1973), Mason (Lion Country Safari at Kings Island, 1974–1993)
Virginia : Doswell (Lion Country Safari at Kings Dominion, 1974–1993), Natural Bridge(Virginia Safari Park, 2000)
Georgia : Pine Mountain (Wild Animal Safari, 1991)
Canada
Ontario : Flamborough (African Lion Safari, 1969)
Quebec : Hemmingford (Parc Safari Africain, 1972)
Quebec : Montebello (Parc Omega)
Mexico:
Puebla (Africam Safari, 1972)
Morelos (Zoofari, 1984)
Guatemala : Escuintla (Auto Safari Chapin, 1980)
Chile : Rancagua (Safari Park Rancagua, 2009)
Asia
Bangladesh : Cox's Bazar (Dulahazara Safari Park, 1999), Bongobonhu Safari park, gazipur.
Israel : Ramat-Gan Safari(1974)
Japan : Miyazaki (Safari Park, 1975), Usa (Kyushu African Safari, 1976), Mine (Akiyoshidai Safari Land, 1977), Tomioka (Gunma Safari Park, 1979), Susono (Fuji Safari Park, 1980), Himeji (Central Park, 1984)
Philippines : Calauit (Calauit Safari Park, 1975), Olongapo (Zoobic Safari, 2003)
Pakistan: Lahore (Lahore Zoo Safari, 2009, formerly Lahore Wildlife Park, 1982)
Thailand : Bangkok (Safari World, 1988)
China : Shenzhen (Safari Park, 1993), Shanghai (Wild Animal Park, 1995), Qinhuangdao (Qinhuangdao Wildlife Park, 1995), Guangzhou (Xiangjiang Safari Park, 1997), Jinan (Safari Park, 1999), Badaling (Safari World, 2001)
Indonesia : Taman Safari, with three locations in Bogor, Mount Arjuno and Bali (in Bali includes Marine Park)
Malaysia : Malacca (A'Famosa Animal World Safari), Pahang ( Bukit Gambang Safari Park)
Singapore : (Night Safari, Singapore)
Taiwan : Xinzhu (Leofoo Safari Park)
Oceania
Australia : Warragamba (African Lion Safari, 1968-1991)
Africa
Egypt : Alexandria (Africa Safari Park, 2004)
Work of IUCN
Some key dates in the growth and development of IUCN:
1948: International Union for the Preservation of Nature (IUPN) established
1956: Name changed to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
1959: UNESCO decides to create an international list of Nature Parks and equivalent reserves, and the United Nations Secretary General asks the IUCN to prepare this list
1961: The World Wildlife Fund set up as a complimentary organisation to focus on fund raising, public relations, and increasing public support for nature conservation
1969: IUCN obtains a grant from the Ford Foundation which enables it to boost its international secretariat.
1972: UNESCO adopts the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage and the IUCN is invited to provide technical evaluations and monitoring
1974: IUCN is involved in obtaining the agreement of its members to sign a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), whose secretariat was originally lodged with the IUCN
1975: The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention) comes into force, and its secretariat is administered from the IUCN's headquarters
1980: IUCN (together with the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Wide Fund for Nature) collaborate with UNESCO to publish a World Conservation Strategy
1982: Following IUCN preparation and efforts, the United Nations General Assembly adopts the World Charter for Nature
1990: Began using the name World Conservation Union as the official name, while continuing using IUCN as its abbreviation.
1991: IUCN (together with United Nations Environment Programme and the World Wide Fund for Nature) publishes Caring for the Earth
2001: Establishment of the IUCN Business and Biodiversity Program
2008: Stopped using World Conservation Union as its official name and reverted its name back to International Union for Conservation of Nature
2012: IUCN publishes list of The world's 100 most threatened species.
What is CITES?
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
Widespread information nowadays about the endangered status of many prominent species, such as the tiger and elephants, might make the need for such a convention seem obvious. But at the time when the ideas for CITES were first formed, in the 1960s, international discussion of the regulation of wildlife trade for conservation purposes was something relatively new. With hindsight, the need for CITES is clear. Annually, international wildlife trade is estimated to be worth billions of dollars and to include hundreds of millions of plant and animal specimens. The trade is diverse, ranging from live animals and plants to a vast array of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exotic leather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios and medicines. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are high and the trade in them, together with other factors, such as habitat loss, is capable of heavily depleting their populations and even bringing some species close to extinction. Many wildlife species in trade are not endangered, but the existence of an agreement to ensure the sustainability of the trade is important in order to safeguard these resources for the future.
Because the trade in wild animals and plants crosses borders between countries, the effort to regulate it requires international cooperation to safeguard certain species from over-exploitation. CITES was conceived in the spirit of such cooperation. Today, it accords varying degrees of protection to more than 35,000 species of animals and plants, whether they are traded as live specimens, fur coats or dried herbs.
CITES was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of IUCN (The World Conservation Union). The text of the Convention was finally agreed at a meeting of representatives of 80 countries in Washington, D.C., the United States of America, on 3 March 1973, and on 1 July 1975 CITES entered in force. The original of the Convention was deposited with the Depositary Government in the Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each version being equally authentic.
CITES is an international agreement to which States (countries) adhere voluntarily. States that have agreed to be bound by the Convention ('joined' CITES) are known as Parties. Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties – in other words they have to implement the Convention – it does not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level.
For many years CITES has been among the conservation agreements with the largest membership, with now 181 Parties
Protected Area in Bangladesh for wildlife Conservation
A list of protected areas of Bangladesh :
Aila Bee Wildlife Sanctuary
Ata Danga Baor Wildlife Sanctuary
Banshkhali Eco Park
Bhawal National Park
Bil Bhatia Wildlife Sanctuary
Bogakine Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
Chalan Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
Char Kukri-Mukri Wildlife Sanctuary
Chimbuk Wildlife Sanctuary
Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary
Companigonj Wildlife Sanctuary
Dakhar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
Dubriar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
Dulahazara Safari Park
Erali Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
Fasiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary
Hail Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
Hakaluki Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary
Himchari National Park
Jinjira Reefs
Kaptai National Park
Kawadighi Wildlife Sanctuary
Kawadighi Haor Wildlife Sanctuary
Khadimnagar National Park
Kuakata Eco Park
Kuri Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
Lawachara National Park
Madhabkunda Eco Park
Madhupur National Park
Madhutila Eco Park
Meda Beel Wildlife Sanctuary
Naaf River Wildlife Sanctuary
Nijhum Dweep National Park
Pablakhali Wildlife Sanctuary
Rajkandi Wildlife Sanctuary
Ramsagar National Park
Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary
Sangu Matamuhari
Satchari National Park
Sitakunda Eco Park
Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary
Sundarbans South Wildlife Sanctuary
Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary
Tangua Haor Nature Reserve
Teknaf Game Reserve
West Bhanugach Wildlife Sanctuary
References
World Database on Protected Areas
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