Wild type refers to the phenotype which is most common in nature. This generally refers to a phenotypic which is found in almost all “wild” members of a particular species. Eg, in gerbils, the brown color is the wild type. All other colors are rare in nature. When there is s clear wild type allele for a particular gene, that allele is often simply represented by a “+” rather than a letter (eg, brown = +; black = b). Another common way to designate a wild type is by using the symbol for the rare allele (usually recessive) with a “+” to represent the wild type (eg, brown = b+; black = b).
A balanced polymorphism exists when more than one common phenotype exists in a natural population of a particular species. The balance refers to the fact that the allelic frequencies for the traits do not change from generation to generation. Eg, eye color is a balanced polymorphism in modern human beings, the two common phenotypes being brown and blue. There was almost undoubtedly a time in the distant past, when all of our ancestors lived in the intense sunlight of Africa, when brown was the wild type human eye color. But in modern humans, that’s no longer true.
Wild type gene
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