law of segregation
T principle stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
Law of independent assortment.
principle stating that the laws of chance govern which particular characteristics of the parental pairs will occur in each individual offspring.
law of dominance.
The principle stating that one factor in a pair of traits dominates the other in inheritance unless both factors in the pair are recessive.
Mendelian Genetics Definitions
Allele - one alternative form of a given allelic pair; tall and dwarf are the alleles for the height of a pea plant; more than two alleles can exist for any specific gene, but only two of them will be found within any individual.
Allelic pair - the combination of two alleles which comprise the gene pair.
Homozygote - an individual which contains only one allele at the allelic pair; for example DD is homozygous dominant and d d is homozygous recessive; pure lines are homozygous for the gene of interest.
Heterozygote - an individual which contains one of each member of the gene pair; for example the Dd heterozygote.
Genotype - the specific allelic combination for a certain gene or set of genes.
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