Black Bengal Goat breed

Black Bengal
Origin and distribution:origin is not definitely known but it is believed that it has existed in Bengal from time  immemorial. It is considered to be the useful type of Bengal goat and is widely distributed throughout west Bengal, Assam and BD.
Description:
They possess a short and  soft coat of dark black color.They are some times white or spotted.
shoulds and  hips are of equal height.
They are short-legged, compact animals.
Both male and female possess horns which are about 5 to 10 cm.
The ears are nearly up right and pointed.
Average weight male (buck)-15 kg and female (doe)-13 to 22 kg.
The milk production capacity is poor and sometimes kids may require additional milk supply during early stages of growth.
Two kiddling are possible in as year and give birth twins or triplets.

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Characteristics of Murrah Buffalo

. Murrah:

 Origin and distribution : The name ``MURRAH`` means ``CURLED`` or ``DELHI`` referring to its centre of origin. The original home of murrah is Rohtak in Haryana. This breed widely distribution in india and pakistan.
Characteristics:
 i) Body colour - The color of skin and hair is yet black but animals with reddish-frown hair occur and white marking on tail, face and extrimities.
ii) Horns - They have short , styled tightly curled horns.
iii) Eyes - are bright and active, prominent in females and slightly shruken in males.
iv) Ears - are short, thin and alert.
v) Body shape - The animal is masive, stockily built with a short, broad back and light neck and head. The udder is well developed. The hips are broad and fore-quarters and hind quarters are dropping. The tail is long reaching up to fet lock with a white switch or partially white.
Utility and production :
i) Live wt - Male - 550kg (average), Female-450kg.
ii) Milk yield of pedegru herds - 1800 liter per lactation (270-305days) and fat 7%. Milk Yield vary from 1030-2907 litre per lactation.

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Classification of Buffalo

classification of Buffalo

Domestication buffaloes are classified into two types:
I) River type
ii) swamp type

I) River type: They prefer the clean water for wallowing. The breed of this type are divided into various group as follows :
a) Murrah group: I) Murrah  ii) Nil-Ravi.
iii) Kundi iv) Godavari
b) Gujarat group: I) Surti  ii) Mehsana
iii) Taffrabadi
c) Uttar pradesh group: I) Bhadawari ii) Tarai
d) Central India group : I) Nagpuri ii) Manda iii) Pandharpuri iv) sambal puri v) Jerangi Vi) Kalahandi
e) South India group: I) Toda ii) South kanara iii) Parlakinodi
II) Swamp type: This types of buffalo are found in China and south-east Asia and like to wallowing in the mud. e.g. I) kwa kum and kwaitui ii) kwaipra iii) Red Buffalo iv) Marie

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Jaffarabadi Breed of Buffalo

Jaffarabadi : 

Origin and distribution :
 This breed is widely distributed in gir forest area of gujrat state ( kutch, junagadh and jamnagar districts) around the zaffarabad town from where the breed has been identified.    
charcteristic:
color--The body color is usually black but white marking on the face and legs below the knee.
horns-- The horns are heavy and broad .sometimes cover the eyes.they are inclined to droop on each side of then neck and turn up at the points into an incomplete coid.the forehead is very prominent.
Neck--is thick,broad and has a strong developed dewlap and massive brisket.
Ears--are large and dropping.
Body shape-- the animals are massive and long barreled. the body is large and not compact. the udder is well developed and broad.
Utility and production:
 the average body weight adult bull 600 kg,female 460 kg.
 good animals may produce 14-18 litre milk of high fat content daily. the milk is valued for the preparation of ghee.
 milk yield may rang 1800-2700 litre per lactation.

bull/males are famous for halving heavy loads.

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Mehsana Breed of Buffalo

Mehsana Breed

origin and distribution: buffaloes are widely distributed in the mehsana district of Gujarat state and part of Maharasta state.It is also found in palanpur in banaskantha district.
Characteristics:
they probably originated in a cross between surti and murrah buffaloes.
the skin color is mostly yet black and occasionally brown grey with some white markings on the face ,legs or tips of tail.
 horns shape variable,with more curve than surti and less than Murrah.
the body is large and tightes.The neck is long and fine. It has well developed udder with uniformly placed teats.
this breed is docile and they are valued for this early sexual maturity, This good milk yield and high rate of reproduction.
Utility and production:
Body weight male --600 kg,Female -425 kg.
Milk yield--1300-1800 litre per lactation (300 days).

The height at  withers of the typical adult male in132 cm,the female is same as male.

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Terminology related to Cattle Dog & Cat

TERMINOLOGY

Cattle
cattle:Cattle is often used to describe the whole species without considering sex of the family Bovidae,genus,Bo's
Bull:An adult uncrasted male bovine used for breeding purposes.
Bull calf:A male calf under one year.
Hefier calf:A female calf under one year.
Yearling bull:An uncrasted male bovine between one and two year.
bullok/steer:A castrated male bovine of over two years.
Hefier/quey:A female bovine over one year which has not yet calved.
Ox:A castered male bovine used primarily for drought purposes.
Cow:A mature female bovine having at least one calf.
Calf/Toly:A young bovine of either sex up to one year of age.
Slink calves:Calves which has been aborted or those which are found in the uterus at slaughter.
Calf at foot:Female with its offspring.
Buller/Bull cow:A cow always apparently in oestrus.
Bulling:Describe a cow on heat.

Dog

Dog:adult male.
Bitch:adult female.
pub:young one,either sex.
Whelping:act of parturition.
Cat
Kilten:young one.
Mews:sound producted by cat.
Queening:act of parturition.

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Chicken Breed

Egg Layers

While all chickens can lay eggs, not all chickens can lay enough eggs to suit everyone's needs. Some chickens can only produce a few eggs a week, while others can produce hundreds over the course of the year, and even into winter months. We've broken our breeds into categories that let you know which chickens are known for their eggs, and which just don't cut it.

Meat Breeds

Sometimes chickens are just there to be food, but not evey chicken will make a good meal. Some chickens are justtoo scrawny to be very useful as a meat bird, and otherse will be huge but mature too slowly to be consideredviable as a dinner chicken. And others still are just a breed that's consdierd endangered, so raising them forslaughter becomes counter-productive.

That's why proper breeding tactics will come into place with your meat production chickens. Knowing how to reedthem together to ensure every new clutch of eggs will yield the biggest and best chickens for the job is critical,and we can give you some tips on how best to plan.

We'll even give you some recipes here and there when the time comes for your chicken to live out his ultimatepurpose and fulfill his destiny. Just be careful about growing too attached!

Show Poultry

Not all chickens are kept just to produce eggs or meat. A lot of breeds find their primary skill to be simplylooking good and acting well, making them excellent for taking around for poultry shows and winning awards.

Finding the correct bird and knowing the breed standards will help, but there's more to it than that. There'sgrooming and, depending on the breed, special care that must be given to protect its health and the health of itsfeathers.

We'll be able to let you know which breeds are popular for touring and what special care they need, includingany special lodging or fencing accommodations, plus any dieases that they may fall prey to due to selectivebreeding.

Big Chickens or Small Chickens??

Chickens come in all different sizes, from the tiny bantam breeds to hulking meat birds just ready to be cooked.Size matters immensely as it will determine how much meat they can produce, how large their eggs will be and howmany they can lay in a year, how fast they will mature, and simply how much space they'll take up.

Planning for the right size chicken for the space you have or the goal you've set is critical, but once you knowwhat you want then the rest will become simpler. Sometimes what works for a large farm won't work for a smallhomestead, and vice versa. There's a chicken for every situation, and we have the rundowns to help you indetermining just how big they will become.

Caring For Chickens

Every breed has different qualities that make then unique, beyond just their primary use. Some have specialfeathers that let them survive in cold climates better. Others are great when it comes to foraging for their ownfood.

Knowing the temperament of each breed before going in will help when deciding which breeds to raise together assome chickens are very calm and friendly around humans while others are rather flighty and even like to fight withone another. Hens can become broody and roosters can become loud with theri crowing. Each breed is different andeach requires the proper knowledge to raise the proper bird.

Some chickens are built for all weather and all hazards, and some need extra care. Knowing is half the battle,and we're here to arm you with the right tools to tackle each aspect of chicken life, from hatching eggs to raisingthem to maturation, to breeding new chicksn, and the inevitable end to a great life. So browse our profiles andarticles with confidence knowing that a wonderful chicken is just right around the corner!

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History of Breeding

Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years since the first
domestication of animals. Selective breeding for desired traits was first
established as a scientific practice by Robert Bakewell during the British
Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century. One of his most important
breeding programs was with sheep. Using native stock, he was able to quickly
select for large, yet fine-boned sheep, with long, lustrous wool. The Lincoln
Longwool was improved by Bakewell and in turn the Lincoln was used to
develop the subsequent breed, named the New (or Dishley) Leicester. It was
hornless and had a square, meaty body with straight top lines. These   sheep
were exported widely and have contributed to numerous modern breeds.
Under his influence, English farmers began to breed cattle for use primarily as
beef for consumption - (previously, cattle were first and foremost bred for
pulling ploughs as oxen [citation needed ]). Long-horned heifers were crossed
with the Westmoreland bull to eventually create the Dishley Longhorn . Over the
following decades, farm animals increased dramatically in size and quality. In
1700, the average weight of a bull sold for slaughter was 370 pounds
(168 kg). By 1786, that weight had more than doubled to 840 pounds
(381 kg).
Animal herding professions specialized in the 19th century to include the
cowboys of the United States and Canada, charros and vaqueros of Mexico,
gauchos and huasos of South America, and the farmers and stockmen of
Australia.
In more modern times herds are tended on horses, all-terrain vehicles ,
motorbikes, four-wheel drive vehicles, and helicopters, depending on the terrain
and livestock concerned. Today, herd managers often oversee thousands of
animals and many staff. Farms, stations and ranches may employ breeders,
herd health specialists, feeders, and milkers to help care for the animals.

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Cattle Breed : Guernsey, Shahiwal, Sindhi

Guernsey

Origin and distribution: This breed was developed and named from one of the island between France and England in the English channel isle of Guernsey.cattle are beleived to have been brought to the island from Normandy and Brittany in France.
Physical characteristics:
The animals have a shade of fawn with white markings clearly defined,preferably a clear (buff) muffle.
They have good length of head,horns,incline forward,are refined and medium in length.
The milk is especially yellow in color, golden yellow skin pigmentation,the un-haired portions of the body are light or pinkish in color.Calf is relatively small at birth.
Utility and production:
Adult male 600-800kg weight, female 400-500kg.
They produce an average 4000 litre of milk per lactation and contains 5% fat. 13,484 litre milk in 365 days have been recorded.

Shahiwal

Synonyms:Lola, Montgomery, Lambi-bar, Multani.
Origin and distribution:this breed originated in the district of Montgomery in west punjab, Pakistan, from which the name Montgomery is derived. This is one of the most productive of tropical dairy breeds which has been exported to many parts of the tropical world including Indo Bangladesh.
Physical characteristics:
Shahiwall is a large, heavy built,loose, short legged, deep, rather fleshy animal and lethargic in appearnce.
The cost color is varied ,with reddish clean being rather common and others are pale red, dark brown and occasionally almost black flecked with white.
The skin is loose and pliable, the hair very fine and glossy.
The head is broad and massive in the male and the ears are mediun in size with black hair on the fringes.
The horns are very short and thick and loose horns are common in female.
The hump of the male is massive and frequently falls to one side.
The udder is generally large with good sized teats and the udder becomes pendulous as the lactation number increases.
Utility and production:
Although sahiwal is basically a dairy breed,cattle of  this type can be used for beef and work purposes.
They produce 2150 litre milk in 300 days (per lactation).Under rural management and 4000-5000 litre under farming management system.
Adult male weight 455-590 kg, female 272-409kg.

Sindhi

Synonyms:Red sindhi, Red Karachi, Malir.
Origin and distribution:The orginal herd was founded at Malir outside Karachi in pakistan and they may have derived from hill-type Cattle.The home base of the breed is now around Karachi and Hydrabad.It has been exported all over the tropical world and used for upgrading indigenous Cattle ,particularly for milk production.
Physical Characteristic:
The Red sindhi is a medium to small sized animal with a deep, compact frame and rounds drooping quarters.
The coat color is usually red, varying from dark red to dum yellow, often white on the dewlap and the forehead.
The color is darker on the shoulders and thighs in the male.
The hair is soft and short, the skin is loose, medium thickness and usually pigmented.
The ears are of moderate to large size and drooping.
The horns are thick at the base and emerge laterally curving upwards and ending in blunt points.
The hump is medium size and well developed in male.
They have pendulous dewlap and sheath.
The legs are short and long tail.
The udders are size able with medium sized teats.
The udder has a tendency to become pendulous.
utility and production:
Red sindhi is considered one of the best dairy breeds in the indian sub-continent, though it is used for light work.Adult male wt-450-500kg, Female-300-350kg.
Milk yield 1100 litre per lactation (300 days) but well breed herds on average 1800 litre and upto 5443 litre have been recorded.

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