INTRODUCTORY
MICROBIOLOY
- DR. M. A. OYEKUNLE
Microbiology is the
study of microorganisms, which are tiny organisms that live around
us and inside our
body. An organism is a living thing that ingests and breaks down food
for energy and
nutrients, excretes undigested food as waste, and is capable of
reproduction. A
microorganism is simply very, very small organism that you cannot see
with your naked eye,
but with a microscope
Bacteriology
Bacteriology
is the study of bacteria. Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms. A
prokaryotic
organism is a
one-celled organism that does not have a true nucleus. Many bacteria
absorb nutrients from
their environment and some make their own nutrients by
photosynthesis or
other synthetic processes. Some bacteria can move freely in their
4 environment while
others are stationary. Bacteria occupy space on land and can live in
aquatic environment
and in decaying matter. They can even cause disease. Bacillus
anthracis
is a good example. It is the bacterium that causes anthrax
Virology
Virology
is the study of viruses. A virus is a submicroscopic, parasitic
entity composed of
nucleic acid core
surrounded by a protein coat. Parasitic means that a virus receives food
and shelter from
another organism and is not divided into cells. An example of a Virus is
the varicella-zoster
virus, which is the virus that causes chickenpox in humans.
Mycology
Mycology
is the study of fungi. A fungus is eukaryotic organism, often
microscopic, that
absorbs nutrients
from its external environment. Fungi are not photosynthetic. A
eukaryotic
microorganism is a microorganism whose cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm and
organelles. These
include yeast and some molds. Tinea pedis, better know as athlete’s
foot, is caused by a
fungus.
Phycology
Phycology
is the study of algae. Algae are eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms
that
transform sunlight
into nutrients using photosynthesis. A eukaryotic photosynthetic
microorganism has
cells containing a nucleus, nuclear envelope, cytoplasm and
organelles and is
able to carry out photosynthesis.
Protozoology
Protozoology
is the study of protozoa, animal-like single-cell
microorganisms that can be
found in aquatic and
terrestrial environment. Many obtain their food by engulfing or
ingesting smaller
organism. An example is Amoeba proteus
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