Cell Structure of Plants

 

I.              The cell

                A.            Cells are fundamental organizational units of all living things

                B.            Types of cells

                                1.             Prokaryotic

                                2.             Eukaryotic

                                                a)             Plant

                                                b)             Animal

II.            Protoplast

                A.            Protoplasm within membrane / cell contents without the cell wall

III.           Organelles

                A.            Cell wall

                                1.             Plants

                                2.             Support, structure, & protection

                B.            Nucleus

                                1.             Genetic information - DNA

                                2.             Cell regulation - "the brains"

                C.            Chloroplasts

                                1.             Plants

                                2.             Photosynthesis

                                                a)             Thylakoids - light capture

                                                b)             Stroma - conversion to sugar

                                3.             Contain some DNA

                D.            Mitochondria

                                1.             Energy from sugars

                                2.             Contain some DNA

                E.             Cytomembrane system

                                1.             Packaging & transport

                                                a)             Golgi apparatus (dictyosomes)

                                                b)             Endoplasmic reticulum

                                                c)             Ribosomes

                F.             Microbodies

                                1.             Peroxisomes - photorespiration

                                2.             Glyoxisomes - conversion of fats into sugars

                G.            Microtubules - movement & wall synthesis

                H.            Ergastic materials

                                1.             Starch grains - storage

                I.              Vacuoles

                                1.             Storage

                                2.             Waste

                                3.             Water regulation