GENERAL BOTANY Lecture - Classification
I. Science of classification: taxonomy
A. Most useful unit - species
1. Biological species - same species
if members mate and produce fertile offspring under normal conditions
2. Species can evolve through natural
selection
a) Sources of variation
1) Mutations - DNA substitution,
deletion, and insertion
2) Migration - move to another location
3) Recombination - meiosis, crossing
over
3. Speciation
a) Reproductive isolating mechanisms
1) Mechanical, behavioral, gamete
isolation, time isolation, hybrid inviability
b) Modes of specitation
1) Allopatric (isolated location),
parapatric (transition area), sympatric (others - ecological, behavioral, etc.)
II. How taxonomy got started
A. Important dude - Carolus Linnaeus - made up descriptive
latin names
1) Last two words most important -
binomial system
2) Classification - KPCOFGS
a) Basis of appearance - phenetic
b) Evolutionary basis - phylogenetic
III. Overall scheme to evolution -
important because it helps us understand life
Fungi
Monerans =====> Protistans
=====> Plants
(bacteria) (single celled)
---------------
"microbes" -------------- Animals
From single cells
===============> multicelled
organisms
IV. Where we go from here: Fungi (MYCOTA),
Algae (PROTISTA) and Plants (PLANTAE - mosses, ferns, conifers, angiosperms)
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